2 Answers
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The cathodic protection transformer is simply a transformer with a DC rectifier system which is used to created an impressed voltage on the steel structure/pipeline you are protecting from corrosion. The impressed voltage results in current flowing from sacrificial anodes into the steel instead of the electrons flowing naturally from the steel to the earth. The latter causes the metal from the steel to be deposited in the earth, resulting in the deterioration of the steel.
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